This setting has been configured by a profile - but there is no profile

How many User Accounts are on this computer ?

Are you login to the Admin account of this computer ?

Are there Profiles appearing in " Users and Groups " ?

Is this computer Owned by a Company and register to a Mobile Digital Management Service ?

It's quite simple.

That Mac computer likely isn't owned by you. Your company is managing it.

They've disabled your ability to change Lock Screen settings, and they restricted your ability to view the various Configuration Profiles that they've pushed out to your device, that is managing/controlling various aspects of it.

Certainly not a bug or virus.

You need to reach out to who owns/manages your computer and ask them.

User wrote " It's kind of a closed loop here. Im sure I had no profiles, so seems like a virus/bag. "

There are no known Windows-like Viruses in the wild that self replicate and affect macOS, because of the underling UNIX  Foundation and Permission Limitation. 

The Operating System resides in a Sealed and Read Only Volume that can not be opened by the User nor by Third Party Applications.

Download the Application Etrecheck directly from the Developer.

The Application is Not a " Silver Bullet " but only a tool to examine the Hardware / Software used on this computer 

This is a Diagnostic Tool that makes no changes to the computer.

It makes a coherent and readable inventory of both the Hardware and Software used on the computer 

The application is free or paid from added features. 

The Report will Not Reveal Any Personal Information. 

Post back the Full Report - copy and paste - >>>> using the Additional Text Icon ( 3rd Icon to last ) <<<<

I had the same problem on my personal MacBook pro.

Found the fix here. https://www.igeeksblog.com/how-to-fix-settings-have-configured-by-profile-on-mac/

1. On your Mac, go to the Apple menu → Select Screen Time in the sidebar.
2. Select Content & Privacy.
3. Ensure Content & Privacy is toggled on → Select Preference Restrictions under it.

I then ensured all the switches were on.

Yes and Thank you for the Report

A " quick review " shows differently and the Computer is a Managed Computer

With that being as it is, suggest speaking with the IT Department of the School / University or Organization who has Control over this computer

Configuration Profiles:

  com.apple.finder

    ProhibitBurn

  com.apple.SubmitDiagInfo

    AutoSubmit

  com.apple.profileRemovalPassword

    RemovalPassword

  com.apple.applicationaccess.new

    familyControlsEnabled

  com.apple.systempolicy.control

    AllowIdentifiedDevelopers

    EnableAssessment

  com.apple.appstore

    DisableSoftwareUpdateNotifications

    restrict-store-softwareupdate-only

    restrict-store-disable-app-adoption

    restrict-store-require-admin-to-install

  com.apple.desktop

    locked

  com.apple.DiscRecording

    BurnSupport

  com.apple.ShareKitHelper

    SHKAllowedShareServices[0]

  com.apple.coremediaio.support

    Device Access Allowed

  com.apple.MCX

    dontAllowFDEDisable

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower/Disk Sleep Timer-boolean

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/Display Sleep Timer

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower-ProfileNumber

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower/Disk Sleep Timer-boolean

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower/Wake On LAN

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower/Automatic Restart On Power Loss

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower-ProfileNumber

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower/System Sleep Timer

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/Disk Sleep Timer-boolean

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower/Display Sleep Timer

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower/System Sleep Timer

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/Sleep On Power Button

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower-ProfileNumber

    DestroyFVKeyOnStandby

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.BatteryPower/Automatic Restart On Power Loss

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/Wake On LAN

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/Automatic Restart On Power Loss

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower/Wake On LAN

    safariAllowAutoFill

    com.apple.EnergySaver.portable.ACPower/Display Sleep Timer

    com.apple.EnergySaver.desktop.ACPower/System Sleep Timer

  com.apple.systempreferences

    DisabledPreferencePanes[0]

  com.apple.gamed

    GKFeatureAddingGameCenterFriendsAllowed

    GKFeatureAccountModificationAllowed

    GKFeatureGameCenterAllowed

    GKFeatureMultiplayerGamingAllowed

  com.apple.screensaver

    askForPassword

    askForPasswordDelay

  com.apple.applicationaccess

    allowMusicService

    allowPasswordSharing

    allowPasswordAutoFill

    allowPasswordProximityRequests

    allowCloudBookmarks

    allowSpotlightInternetResults

    allowFingerprintForUnlock

    allowCloudCalendar

    allowCloudMail

    allowiTunesFileSharing

    allowDefinitionLookup

    allowCloudDesktopAndDocuments

    allowContentCaching

    allowCloudKeychainSync

    allowCloudReminders

    allowCloudNotes

    allowCloudAddressBook

    allowAutoUnlock

    forceDelayedSoftwareUpdates

    allowCloudDocumentSync

  com.apple.dashboard

    whiteListEnabled

  com.apple.NetworkBrowser

    DisableAirDrop

  com.apple.MCX.FileVault2

    UserEntersMissingInfo

    Enable

    Defer

    ShowRecoveryKey

    UseKeychain

    UseRecoveryKey

  com.apple.preferences.users

    DisableUsingiCloudPassword

com.apple.mdm

    AccessRights

    CheckInURL

    ServerURL

    IdentityCertificateUUID

    CheckOutWhenRemoved

    ServerCapabilities[0]

    Topic

Im having the same issue and also just did a fresh reinstall of mac os recently- not company managed/controlled- any fix for this?

Agreed 👍

but what did you do to reset it? I have the same problem

got the answer, many thanks