Papierkorb sicher entleeren in macOS 10.14 Mojave

Liebe christine33,

bei allem Respekt – Deine Antwort weist darauf hin, daß Du noch sehr jung sein musst – biologisch, und/oder als Mac-User. (Und mein Profil nicht gelesen hast: "Einer der ersten 100 Mac-Nutzer in Deutschland.") Glaubst Du wirklich, jemand würde mit einer Frage wie die von mir gestellte hier ins Forum finden, wenn er nicht in der Lage ist, seinen Mac-Papierkorb zu leeren?!? Ich wundere mich etwas über Deine 460 Punkte, wenn Du so nachlässig überdachte Antworten gibst…

Seit OS X El Capitan 10.11 verzichtet Apple im Finder auf die Option "Papierkorb sicher entleeren".

Ich präzisiere und ergänze meine Frage:

A) Warum ist das so?

B) Was sind die technischen Hintergründe?

C) Was kann man tun, um Dateien so zu löschen, daß sie auch mit entsprechenden Software-Werkzeugen schon unmittelbar nach dem Löschen nicht wieder hergestellt werden können?

("FileVault nutzen" ist keine Antwort auf die Frage …)

Viele Grüße

Charly

"Käpt'nÄppel"

P.S.: Ich gehe mal davon aus, daß Du Englisch kannst und zitiere "Take Control of Security for Mac Users" (dort heißt der Finder-Befehl "Secure Erase":

Secure Deletion

Deleting files may not mean what you think it means. Deleting a file (for example, by putting it in the Trash and then emptying the Trash) doesn’t erase the file from your disk or SSD. It simply makes a change to the disk’s catalog indicating that the space occupied by that file is available and can be overwritten with something else if and when necessary. As a result, even if you’ve deleted a file, someone using file- recovery software could potentially undelete it later, as long as no other file has been stored in exactly the same spot since then.

Moreover, with hard disks (as opposed to SSDs), even overwriting

a file isn’t a guarantee that the previous file can’t be recovered. With specialized equipment, it’s sometimes possible to retrieve old versions of files that have been overwritten one or more times with new data. It’s painstaking, technically challenging, and expensive work—which means it would happen only when the stakes are quite high—but it can be done.

I bring all this up under the heading of data theft because it’s possible (although unlikely) that a sufficiently motivated thief could—with physical access to your Mac—dredge up old data that you thought was erased or encrypted long ago. This is somewhat less of a worry if you use FileVault, but if you encrypt individual files, folders, or disk images, the originals (which you likely deleted after encrypting them) could still be retrievable.

OS X includes three methods to deal with this problem:

• Secure Empty Trash: Instead of choosing Finder > Empty Trash, choose Finder > Secure Empty Trash. Doing so causes OS X to overwrite the files (once), not merely delete their catalog entries.

• Secure Erase: When erasing a disk or volume, you can overwrite everything that had been on it. Open Disk Utility (in /Applications/ Utilities), select the volume, and go to Erase > Security Options. Move the slider to the desired level of security and click OK; then click Erase. The slider has four notches:

‣ Fastest: Regular erase—doesn’t overwrite the data.

‣ One-pass (second notch): Overwrite the data once with zeroes.

‣ Three-pass (third notch): Overwrite the data three times—twice with random data, and once with non-random data.

‣ Most Secure: Overwrite the data seven times.

The three-pass and Most Secure options can take a long time, and are necessary only in extreme cases, but if you want to make it all but impossible for someone to recover a file, you can.

• Erase Free Space: To securely overwrite all existing free space on your disk (including files you’ve previously deleted), open Disk Utility, select the volume, and go to Erase > Erase Free Space. Move the slider to the desired level of security (Fastest is one-pass, Most Secure is seven-pass, and the middle setting is three-pass) and click Erase Free Space. This does not erase any visible files, so it’s safe to use on an active volume.